Rituals for our Daily Lives

Thoughtful Moments

Rituals and prayer that might be useful to you:

Saying grace
These are words you can say just before starting your meal.

I.

Blessed are you, Holy One, Creator of the Universe,
who brings forth bread from the earth.
–based on an ancient Jewish prayer

II. Silly grace

Rub-a-dub-dub,
Thanks for the grub,
Yay, God!
– from Liberal Religious Youth

III.

Cherished family, friends, and guests,
Let this food to us be blessed.
Bless those people who made this food.
May it feed our work for good.
Amen.
– adapted from German Lutheran grace by Craig Schwalenberg

IV.

God is great, God is good,
Let us thank (her) (him) for our food.
–from Emma Mitchell’s family (children get to choose whether to say “her” or “him”)

V. Sharing grace

Hold hands around the table.
Ask everyone at the table to say one thing he or she is thankful for that day.

VI. Silent grace

Hold hands around the table.
Say: “Let us have a moment of silence to give thanks for the food we eat.”
15 – 20 seconds of silence is about right.

Affirmations of faith

The principles of the Unitarian Universalist Association are included here for the reference of adults and teenagers (in my experience, younger children have not found these to be particularly meaningful or comprehensible). I’ve also included some other affirmations of faith used by Unitarian Universalists.

We Are… (an affirmation for younger people)

We are Unitarian Universalists:
(make two U’s with hands)
With minds that think,
(touch head with both hands)Hearts that love,
(put both hands on heart)
And hands that are ready to serve!
(hold out hands, palms up)

Affirmation of First Unitarian in New Bedford

May faith in the spirit of life
And hope in the community of earth
And love of the sacred in ourselves and others
Be ours this day and in all the days to come.

Sung affirmation (First Unitarian doxology)

From all that dwell below the skies
Let songs of hope and faith arise;
Let peace, good will, on earth be sung
Through every land by every tongue.
– adapted from words by Isaac Watts
sung to the tune “Old Hundredth”

Affirmation based on First Unitarian’s “Application for Membership”

I will strive toward high ethical and moral standards in my personal life and in the community.
I will work for the understanding and promotion of a religion of love, assuming a spirit of cooperation and tolerance towards other religious groups.
I will commit myself to keep formulating my own religious beliefs according to my individual needs, my conscience, and my degree of maturity.

Principles from the Bylaws of the Unitarian Universalist Association

We, the member congregations of the Unitarian Universalist Association, covenant to affirm and promote:
The inherent worth and dignity of every person;
Justice, equity and compassion in human relations;
Acceptance of one another and encouragement to spiritual growth in our congregations; A free and responsible search for truth and meaning;
The right of conscience and the use of the democratic process within our congregations and in society at large;
The goal of world community with peace, liberty and justice for all;
Respect for the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part.

The living tradition which we share draws from many sources:

· Direct experience of that transcending mystery and wonder, affirmed in all cultures, which moves us to a renewal of the spirit and an openness to the forces which create and uphold life;

Words and deeds of prophetic women and men which challenge us to confront powers and structures of evil with justice, compassion and the transforming power of love;

· Wisdom from the world’s religions which inspires us in our ethical and spiritual life;
Jewish and Christian teachings which call us to respond to God’s love by loving our neighbors as ourselves;

Humanist teachings which counsel us to heed the guidance of reason and the results of science, and warn us against idolatries of the mind and spirit;

· Spiritual teachings of Earth-centered traditions which celebrate the sacred circle of life and instruct us to live in harmony with the rhythms of nature.

Prayers for individuals and families, for all ages.
General prayers

I.

I am only one.
But still I am one.
I cannot do everything.
But still I can do something.
And because I cannot do everything
I will not refuse to do the something
that I can do.
– Rev. Edward E. Hale

II.

If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain.
– Emily Dickinson

III.

Cloak yourself in a thousand ways, and still I shall know you, my Beloved.
Veil yourself with every enchantment, and yet I shall feel your Presence, most dear, close and intimate.
I shall salute you in the springing of cypresses, and in the sheen of lakes the laughter of fountains.I shall surely see you in tumbling clouds, in brightly embroidered meadows.
O beloved Presence, more beautiful than all the stars together,
I find your face in ivy that climbs, in clusters of grapes, in morning sun on the mountains, in the clear arch of the sky.
You gladden the whole earth and make every heart great.
You are the breathing of the world.
– adapted from Mohammad Hafiz, “Shams Ud-Dun”

IV. A Hindu prayer

Lead us from death to life, from lies to truth.
Lead us from despair to hope, from fear to trust.
Lead us from hate to love, from war to peace.
Let peace fill our hearts, our world, our universe.
Peace. Peace. Peace.
– adapted from the Upanishads

V.

God of love,
your name is goodness and holiness.
May your love be present in all the nations of earth,
just as I feel your love in my heart.
Grant us the food we need today,
grant all people the food they need today.
Forgive me when I fail, and
help me forgive those who fail me.
May I not be tempted by evil or wrong-doing –
may your love watch over me, and over us all.
– a traditional Jewish prayer, adapted by early Christian communities, and further adapted by Rev. Dan Harper

VI.

I will be truthful.
I will suffer no injustice.
I will be free from fear.
I will not use force.
I will be of good-will to all people.
– Mahatma Gandhi

Prayers for morning

I. Salutation of the Dawn
Look to this day!
For it is life, the very life of life.
In its brief course lie all the truth
And reality of your existence:
The bliss of growth,
The glory of action,
The splendor of beauty;
For yesterday is already a dream,
And tomorrow is only a vision;
But today well-lived,
Makes every yesterday a dream of happiness
And every tomorrow a vision of hope.
– ancient Sanskrit source, in The Beacon Song and Service Book

II.

Renew yourself completely each day.
Do it again, and again,
and forever again.
– Confucius, The Great Learning

Prayers for evening

I. A bedtime prayer

(for parents/guardians and children together)
– Tonight I am thankful for…
(say some of the good things that happened to
you today)
– And I am sorry for…
(talk about the things you feel sorry for doing
or saying)
– Tomorrow I hope for…
(things you hope for and how you think you can
make them happen)
- idea from Rev. Christopher Raible

II.

May the truth that sets us free,
And the hope that never dies,
And the love that casts out fear
Be with us now
Until the dayspring breaks,
And the shadows flee away.
– adapted from the Christian and Hebrew scriptures

Ten Good Things Rituals Do for Children
• Impart a sense of identity
• Provide comfort and security
• Help to navigate change
• Teach values
• Teach practical skills
• Solve problems
• Keep alive a sense of departed family members
• Pass on ethnic or religious heritage
• Help heal from loss or trauma
• Generate wonderful memories

Tutorial: How to Dye Yarn

JodyP_Magazine

Parents: Small Group Ministry | Topic: Prayer and Rituals

Parents SGM
Topic: Prayer and Rituals

Chalice Lighting:
The light of the ages has brought wisdom and truth to all peoples, in all times of human history. We light this flame to remind us to seek wisdom in our own time.– Dan Harper

Opening Reading:

When You Thought I Wasn’t Looking
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I saw you hang up my first painting on the refrigerator, and I wanted to paint another one.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I saw you feed a stray cat, and I thought it was good to be kind to animals.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I saw you make my favorite cake for me, and I knew that little things are special things.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I heard you say a prayer, and I believed there is a God I could always talk to.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I felt you kiss me goodnight, and I felt loved.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I saw that you cared, and I wanted to be everything that I could be.
When you thought I wasn’t looking, I LOOKED….and wanted to say thanks for all the things I saw when you thought I wasn’t looking.

Check-in:

Topic:
Ritual is not just for special occasions but also for every day, every meal, every bath, and every bedtime story. In ritual, little is big: Although dress-up holidays with lavish feasts are fun, it’s the everyday traditions that determine how we experience our families and demonstrate hands-on love to our children. Intuitively, we know this is good, and consciously pass down beloved traditions from our own childhoods. But the power of ritual and the need for it are far stronger than we realize.

What rituals do you incorporate into your daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly lives with your children that impart values? Why do rituals and prayers? What values are important to you, which you would like to impart to your children? What rituals would you like to include in your families lives, but haven’t yet and why?

Prayer can be for taking time to be present for that gracious spirit and aware of the gifts that come to and through us simply because we are alive. One word for this time of presence is gratitude. Another word is meditation, in which, by observing our breathing, we become ever more aware of creation in process. In addition, prayer is theological reflection and social strategy, alone and in groups. This leads to a return of gifts bestowed, as in the wonderful Universalist affirmation, which we cherish in our communal worship, “Love is our doctrine, the quest for truth is our sacrament and service is our prayer…”.

How do you pray? Why do you pray? What role does prayer play in your life? Do you pray? What do you feel it teaches your children?
How did you acquire the rituals and prayers that you use with your family?

Closing Reading:
Sometimes we’re so concerned about giving our children what we never had growing up, we neglect to give them what we did have growing up. ~ Dr. James Dobson

Closing Ritual:
Stand in a circle holding hands around chalice.
Recite chalice extinguishing.
“We extinguish this flame but not the light of truth, the warmth of community or the fire of commitment. These we carry in our hearts until we meet again” Give a gentle squeeze of the hands and release.

 

Education – CHECK!

I finished!

 

Done!

 

….FOR NOW.

 

I have just completed my Associates Degree in Graphic Communications.  I walk on May 18th 2013.  I am very excited!

It has been a very trying time. Between my youngest son, T, being hospitalized, committed, then finally placed in a residential treatment facility(still there, its been over a year). B, my eldest son, entering into his first long term relationship, college exams and applications from hell, traveling to Mexico, graduating from highschool and about to start college this Fall and participating in TaeKwonDo National Championships for a spot on the Olympic Team this summer. My Father-In-Law passing away. My Brother-In-Law moving in with us. My house flooding. It’s been a weeee bit crazy around here.

I don’t feel completely confident in my abilities, but at the same time, I know that if properly trained I could grow very quickly in any design position.

SQUEEEE!!!

Digital Layout 1 – Summer 2012 (InDesign) CIB Lessons 1-4

Digital Layout Notes from CIB Lessons

Lesson 1

Workspace = configuration of the work area to suit you work style.

Docked Tools panel = Glued in place

Locations on the Workspace:

 

Menu bar – across the top, with File as the first menu item

Application Bar- help options and workspace options found here, quick access to manage options for managing windows.

Control Bar – options change per chosen tool for adjustments

Panels- content for options in side bar, commonly used tools and features.

Tools Panel – left of screen in single or dbl row column for various tool options, dbl arrows

Document Window- actual page area in pane

Pasteboard – work area

 

Hidden tools – found under tool with triangle in lower right corner. Click and hold to display.

Tool Shortcuts – can be held down to use temp.

Bleed- extending objects past the page edge into the pasteboard- when an object must print to the edge of a page.

Magnification of Document Options:

-percentage in zoom level in Application bar

-View -> Zoom In or Out

- View -> Fit Page in Window = display targeted page in window

-View -> Fit Spread in Window = display targeted spread in window

-View -> Actual Size to 100% display

-Zoom tool -> click to magnify, Option + click to zoom out.

Zoom tool -> drag marquee around object/area to zoom in

-Cmd + Spacebar + while in Selection tool mode = Zoom Tool temporary

-Cmd + Opt + Spacebar + while in Selection tool mode = Zoom out tool temporary

 

Pages Panel

-provides page icons

-Dbl click icon or number to bring you to the page

- has “next page”, Previous page, Last Page, Next Spread and Previous Spread at bottom of panel

Layout -> Go To page

Or

Page box, type numeral, click ok

To go straight to those pages.

 

Hand Tool

Click page, hold mouse down, until you view a RECTANLGE, drag rectangle to location to view, release, press up or down arrows to inc or dec its size.

Dbl Click tool = fit page to window

 

Context menus

Display commands relevant to the active tool selection

Right click over object to see context menu options

 

Review Questions:

What are some ways you can change the magnification of a document?

Answer: you can choose commands from the View menu to zoom in or out of a document. Of fit the page or spread to your screen. You can use keyboard shortcuts to magnify or reduce the view, and use the Zoom level box in the Application Bar.

How do you select tools in InDesign?

Answer: You can either select a tool in the Tools panel or you can press the tools keyboard shortcut. Pressing “v” to select the Selection tool, press and hold the keyboard shortcut to temporailiy select the tool. Select hidden tools by positioning the point over a tool and holding down the mouse button then select one.

What are three ways to display a panel?

Answer:  To make a panel appear, you can click its icon or tab or choose its name from the Window menu, for example Window -> Object and Layout -> Align.  You can also access type-specific panels from the type menu.

How do you create a panel group?

Answer:  Drag a panel off the dock to create a free floating panel.  Drag the tab of any other panel into the tab bar of the new, free floating panel.

 

Lesson 2

By default facing pages start on the right.

Navigating thru a document using Pages Panel = clicking, dbl clicking, arrows for next page and such—–Layout->page down or page up etc

PreFlighting=

Process of ensuing a document is created properly for its intended output. Lets you monitor docs as you create them.

Preflight profile= what the preflight is looking for = its rules —-fonts, images, links, colors, overset text, etc

A RED PLUS SIGN = Overset text

SLUG = area outside blled that may contain information regarding the job

Bleed= area extending off page boundaries.

 

Preview Mode – displays artwork in standard window, hiding non-printing elements

Non-printing Elements- guides, grids, frame edges, hidden characters

Presentation Mode – interface is hidden completely, document fills entire screen.

Normal mode – displays layout aids.

Adding Text:

Can Type directly into text frame.

Can Import text into Text Frame.

Can create Text Frames to contain text.

Can Thread overset text into other frames:

When Placing text, choose “Show Import Options” and dbl click file name to load icon.

or

Select the Out Port on the lower right of the text frame to load icon and click next text frame.

 

Styles

Paragraph Styles – formatting attributes that apply to all the text in a paragraph. Select it and it applies.

Chraccter Styles – character attributes, formatting fonts, phrases or paragraphs.

Object Styles – apply formatting such as fill, stroke, colors, corner effects, transparency, drop shadows, feathering, text frame options and text wrap to selected objects.

 

Character Formatting Controls are indicated, when Text Tool is selected, by an “A” icon in the Control Panel.

Objects

Building Blocks of ID:

                -text frames

                -graphics frames

                -rules

                – tables, etc

 

Window-> TEXT WRAP, open text wrap panel, which allows you to set offset for any object and how to treat text around objects.

Review Questions:

How can you tell is an aspect of a layout will cause output problems?

Answer: the Preflight panel reports errors when something in the layout does not comply with the selected preflight profile. Errors are also reported I the lower left corner of the doc window.

What tool allows you to create text frames? Thread text frames?

Answer: You create text frames with the Type Tool and thread text frames with the Selection tool.

What symbol indicates that a text frame has more text than it can hold, overset text?

Answer: a red plus sign in the lower right corner of the text frame.

What tool allows you to move both frames and graphics within frames?

Answer: the Selection tool lets you drag a frame to move it or move a graphic around within the frame.

What panel provides options for modifying selected frames, graphics or text?

Answer: the Control Panel provides options for modifying the current selection” characters, paragraphs, frames, tables, and more.

 

Lesson 3

Document Presets- saved frequently used document settings such as number of pages, page size, columns, and margins.

File->Document Presets-> Define

Changing Default Units of Measurement

Edit-> Preferences-> Units and increments-> Inches, etc.

Master Pages- background template that you can apply to any pages in document, any additions or changes to this page effects all that are created using it as a template.

Master page icons are above section of panel

Document page icon is lower section of pages panel

Create Guides on Master pages: Layout -> Create Guides – choose rows, column, gutter size, to margins or page options.

Cmd+R = rulers, drag ruler guides to any y and x axis. Holding CMD while dragging ruler guide =  extends guide across both pages of spread and pasteboard. Otherwise it only goes across the page.

 

Text Frame on Master Page

Page number marker on bottom left = Verso and right=Recto components of facing page master spread

Type Tool – drag to make footer area for number

Type > Insert Special Character> Markers> Current Page Number

Cntrol-Click(rt click) with insertion point in text frame – displays context menu-àInsert White Space > Em Space

Now Duplicate it -> Hold Option Key -> with Selection tool, select number box you made-> drag to right page of master spread so it mirrors. -> Type Tool -> click in —Paragraph Formatting controls in ctrl panel –Align Rt.

Type > Insert Special Character > Markers> Current Page Number

 

New Master made from Pages Panel Menu.

 

Text Frame Options found under “Object” or Rt Click contextual menu

Drag Master Pages over pages to create master page formats on them.

 

 

Adding Sections to change page numbering

-Page Panel, click on page

-Numbering & Sectioning Options… -> Start Selection and Automatic Page Numbering selected.

                -Style…ii, iii, or I, 2, 3

Adding New pages

-Pages Panel menu -> Insert Pages -> At End of Doc….choose master.

 

Overriding Master Pages

Go to page you want to change-> Shift+Cmd + select object master page object

 

Rotating Spreads

Select Page – View ->Rotate Spread-> 90 degrees CW

 

Changing Page Sizes

Dbl click page icon of page you want to change size….Page Tool – >  Shift + Click to select both pages of spread and front and back of pages.

Control Panel type in width and height, press return to apply.

Pages Panel -> Apply Master to Pages -> None -> ok

 

SNIPPETS- like graphics files but contain InDesign objects, including relative location to another page

 

Review Questions:

1.)    What are the advantages of adding objects to master pages?

Answer : By adding objects such as guides, footers and placeholder frames to master pages, you can maintain a consistent layout on the pages to which the master is applied.

 

2.)    How do you change the page numbering scheme?

Answer: In the Pages Panel, select page icon where you want new page numbering to begin.  Then choose Numbering and Section Options from the menu and specify new page numbering scheme.

3.)    How do you select a master page item on document page?

Answer: Hold down the Shift + Command, then click the object to select it.  You can then edit it, delete it or manipulate the object.

 

Lesson 4

Layers- allows you to organize them for easy selection and editing.

Windows_> Layers

Graphics Frame ….

When pointer is within graphics frame the CONTENT GRABBER(transparent donut) appears.

 Moves the graphic within the frame(hand)

Moves the frame along with graphic(pointer)

Can move objects from one layer to another by selecting it, then going to the layer panel and dragging the square to another layer.

 

Smart Guide

Four Options for Smart Guides

InDesign-> Preferences-> Guides and Pasteboards to set up

Alight Object to Center = causes object edges to snap to center of other objects on page or spread

Align Object to Edges = causes object edges to snap to edge of other objects on page of spread.

Smart Dimensions = Causes the width and height or rotation of an object to snap to the dimensions of other objects on a page or spread.

Smart Spacing = Quickly arranges objects so that space between them is equal

View -> Grids and Guides -> Smart Guides to turn them on or off.

 

ReShaping a Text Frame

Direct Select Tool -> Select anchor point -> Drag to move

 

Text Frame Options

Laying out several columns in newly created Text box

Text already placed…Type tool, place insertion point before word

Type->Insert Break Character -> Column Break

 

Placing Multiple Graphics in a grid of Frames

Place-> Shift Select each img

As you drag to create graphic box -> press up arrow once and Right arrow twice

 

Images

Click on image – hold Shift + Click on bottom or top anchor point= keeps proportions and shows cropped area =Dynamic Preview.

 

Or

Click on Img –Object -> Fitting -> Fill Frame Proportionally = increases scale of img to fill frame

 

Simultaneous frame and image sizing = Shift +Cmd

 

Space between Frames = GAP Tool, hold shift if only want this gutter effected and no others below it.

Shift +Cmd widens gap full size more

 

Adding Meta Data to captions

Links Panel -> Captions -> Text Before…Photo by”

Choose Author – metadata menu – text after…blank

Choose Below Image –alignment

Photo Credit —paragraph style

Offest – p2

Ok

Links Panel -> Captions-> Generate Static Captions.

 

Modifying Frame Shapes -> Add shape -> Select both -> Object -> Pathfinder-> Subtract , to subtract the top shape.

 

Creating/Converting Shapes

Polygon -> click anywhere -> width and height and sides, creates shape

 

Select object -> Object -> Convert Shape-> Ellipse and size to cover area you want of shape that is still behind/inside it.

 

To Create Rounded Corners

Select text frame, click yellow square -> four diamonds appear -> drag diamond, all change  or Shift + drag only that one changes.

Rvalue – symbol with squares at each corner.(live radius)

 

Aligning multiple Objects

Window -> Object and Layout -> Align to open Aligh panel

 

Align to page -> Align to Horizontal Centers= aligned objects to the center of the page.

Align to Selection -> Align to Location Options -> Align to Horizontal Centers button= aligns objects to eachother in equal spacing in a row up and down.

 

Scaling Multiple Objects

Select both objects -> Shift+Cmd + Drag one handle to change both sizes.

 

Grouped Objects

Click Grouped Object

Select “Select Content” button – looks like hierarchy wire frame in Control Panel

Choose the object by moving the selection frame by using previous Object button(wireframe with arrow)

 

 

Review Questions

1.)    When should you use the Selection Tool to select an object and when should you use the Direct Selection tool to select an object?

Answer: Use the Selection tool for general layout tasks, such as positioning, rotating, and resizing objects.  Use direct Select for tasks involving editing paths or frames.

 

2.)    How to you resize a graphics frame and its content simultaneously?

Answer: To resize a graphics frame and its contents simultaneously, select the frame with the selection tool, hold down Cmd and then drag a handle.  Hold down the shift key while dragging to maintain the objects proportions.

 

3.)    How do you rotate the graphic within the graphics frame without rotating the frame?

Answer:  To rotate a graphic within a frame, use the Selection tool to select the graphic within the frame by clicking within the content grabber donut.  Then click slightly outside and four corners handle and drag to rotate.

4.)    Without ungrouping objects, how do you select an object within a group?

Answer:  To select an object within a group, use the Selection tool to select the group, click the Select Content button, in the Control Panel to select one object in the group. Use the Direct Select Tool to select the object of use the Select Previous Object buttons.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Digital Layout 1 – 2012 Summer (InDesign)

Digital Layout 1 Class Notes 2012 SU

7/3/12
CRAP
Blog read
Need Non-Designers Type Book

Four Principles of Design
Contrast – avoid elements on page that are merely similar.
Make elements bold in contrast, to add visual attraction
Thickness of Lines, Negative Space, Textures, Fonts, Images, Textures, REverese Fonts
Repetition- Repeat visual Elements of Design throughout piece
Devcelops organization and unity between all formats
Color, shape, texture, spatial relationships, specific style, font standards – three font rule
Alignment – No arbitrary placements
Focal Points to guide eyes with a Start and finish
Elements should have Visual Connection
Clean, Sophisticated, fresh look
Proximity- group related items
Create a visual unit
Organizes info and Reduces Clutter

Poor Contrast – Book weight font on website = cannot be read
Fixes for Contrast
-Adjust Tones and Colors on Photo
-Alignment Adjustments
-Black or Overflow around Fonts to have stand out over Background images
-use color from images to create continuity

Stop and Smell the Roses – Artist Pinley and Rockwell

Beat up Type Yourself!!
Budget governs our design
Have Textured Background

Assignment
CRAP
Look at each piece and note each element in use

Layout- Use the longest content piece to size, then layout accordingly to the remaining content.

Class notes
Kerning – Spacing between letters
Leading – Line spacing
Neutral Background in Adobe Suite great for photos
Okay to change logos of social media icons to keep relevance of them, only if the client says so.
“Above the Fold” book web design
Font Servers – Rent Fonts – Browse Find and Imports
Graphic Designers need to:
Beware of Trends
Eclectic but Organized
Don’t write out lines of text, break it into smaller chunks
Enhance Photos to relate, colors, tones, Brightness
Shape/Size of material attract us
Minds eye fills in the whole image with our imagination
Proximity
Focus attention by framing with background or actual frame around image/text

Design Elements in Lesson 2
Unique colors work together
Repetition of color choices
Artwork is stylized
Type Style with Hard Drop Shadow(Primary Headlines)
Green Images
Proximity of Images
Soft Proof Print – PDF file at low resolution to email for client proofing

Marks to Know
Crop Marks
Dotted Lines to show fold – min of three dashes, Stroke Panel->dashed, Type the dashes
= scoring/fold/perforation

Requirements of Appolonia Poster
Photos Alterations- if part of design you can change photos
Must do same for each photo

Logo-
black and white
Reverse font
Can embellish

Editing Copy- rearrange
Bios must be stay same.

Comp= 1 step up from
Visuals to show what piece would look like
Next door to being finished Proof.

Get rid of Preferences
Document Size not same as page 6 x 16
Margins auto set at .5 in
Get rid of all margins – zero out or .25 in, .125 in Bleed
Show Guides
Layout- Margins and Columns
Margin Increases
Don’t Mess with Gutters

Presentation of Poster Design
Look at the most critical part of the piece cut from that side.
Printe both sides individually
Place fonts in pkg.

Vertical Design

Vimeo Video IPad Magazine Art Design

Time Mag.
Cover, slide pages, scrolling vertical
Ads
Horizontal design changes format
Images have text or video when horizontal

Q Mag
Can see issue in web format
Page slider at bottom of page
Horizontal completely different to more visuals

Both read like a magazine

Popular Science
Red eye marker – tutorial flows thru each page
Text scrolls over and next to images
Same design when horizontal
Engage.tmgcustommedia.com
“7 Lessons in magi pad app design with robust newman at TMGmedia”

2- the atlantic wire.com/technology
“The evolution of ipad magazine design”

Teacher comments:
Make your design reflect interactive html qualities- short sweet to the point
Design for this space!

3-Esquire
Scroll motion creates 3D
Connect to source materials
Selectable text copy, paste, share options
Type able foot notes
Video instead of static image for article
Survey inside book – instant results
Digital comic strips

Functionality
Frame upon page
Top 50 Things to Same $$ Image
5 Column Grid
Left to Right is short and sweet
Short burst of reading (Sound bites)
“Line Length” – beginnings and end in short determined amount

References to other websites, bolded
Initial Cap/Drop Cap to begin sentence is the number 2-3 Lines larger
Serif with San Serif contrast

Whimsy(Coins) – Images asymmetrical, overlapping dividers, textures, depth, bleed off border

Final Project

Interactive – Pull material from social media sources (Images of yarn of fans of FB page)
Ideas: In Comp note actions
-tap to purchase supplies
-tap to purchase yarn already dyed
-tap to download recipe pdf
-tap to download article in pdf

Mag/Ipad
Research
Article for Mag
Develop Interactivity
Need foam core

Class Lecture:
Branding and Marketing
Trying to determine what the client’s message and content should be present

Copy Point = lead points for Graphic Design problem that we are trying to solve issues for?
=Main message and key points the clients must convey
Photo Elements should be proportional
Final Exam
2 Part – Written, Manipulative

Written
Basic Principles of Design
CRAP
Contrast
Repetition
Alignment
Proximity
What does each have to do with design?
Point out examples

Responsibilities of Graphic Designer
Ask Questions to narrow down client’s message
To give Graphical solution
Process:
Research
Sketch
Thumbnails
Comprehensives – Mock ups, soft proofs, hard proofs, wire frames(web connectivity_
- So the client gets a good idea of what is being delivered to them
Final

Photo Considerations
Don’t use photos from the internet
Quality
Legality
Copyrights
Proportion
Placement(Proximity)
Its use

Proofreading
Checking for grammar and spelling
Fonts loaded – 3 Font Rule
Links properly associated
Overset Text

Designing Considerations Of Paper Size
CUSTOMIZE, Fit Page to meet the need of the design
Take Bleeds into Consideration

Links Panel
Screen Captures
Edit Original
Embedded
Link Button

Screen Shot of Generic Page
8.5 x 11 Layout
Where edge of paper?
Pasteboard?
Margins?
Live area?
How to create a Bleed?

Select Tools:
Access tools
Click on it
Use keyboard shortcut

Screen 2 Road Version of tool palette

Look at tools
Label tool and State Functions
-2 square of bottom of tool palette
-view button

Palette Control Bar
-Changes with Tools Selection examples

Black text frame
What are the squares?
What does arrows do
How to Connect text into other text frames – text threading
How to places text
Place Command some steps
With cursor with parenthesis when hover of box = means loaded cursor

Screen capture of Page Palette
-Palette to organize pages
What are the 2 sections governing of Master Pages and order

How would you move pages to change the order?

Why do we create Master Repeat?
-to handle repetition
Allows us to take common elements to place on all appropriate pages
To adjust place holders to accommodate different spreads

Start a new project
-Cmd + Option + Cntrl + Shift, Open Preferences to have factory defaults
Guidelines – CMD + R
Drag from ruler to create guidelines

Text Wrap
Adjusting text to flow around an object
To create uniform adding or subtracting white space
Add visual interest (visual breaks)
Keeps proximity of elements
Entertaining longwinded elements visual breaks
Thinner columns
Visual Acuity

Sampling of Paragraph Styles
Paragraph Style Panel
Style of Font preset font width, character styles, font styles
Alignment
Add Repetition to piece

Letter Spacing
Chunk reading (reading as a graphic)
Kerning – joining letter for optical beauty
Tracking – spread out or squeeze text for alignment purposes

Specific Projects
Catalog – review – goals
Placing Text
Paragraph and Character Styles
Design with multiple pages
Reader Spread – to Printer Spread
Must be divisible by Four

CIB 2
File-> Build Booklet-> Allowed to move pages= to make conversion to Printer Spread

Saddle Stitch
Overlap at Folder and Staple like a Saddle over a horse.

Can Import in design
PSD
JPG
TIFF
AI

Clean Up activities when job is done
1 Package
2 Delete all scrap
3 Printers Marks:
Crop Marks- indicates the location to trim the piece to its desired size.
Page Information- Name of file and date
Fold Marks- 3 + dotted lines indicate a score/fold in piece
Registration- makes sure plates of color are aligned with eachother
Draw them then tell what they do.

Specific Project: Travel Brochure
Design Elements:
Consistent color theme, same hue, vector graphics

SWF- Flash derivative, Interactive links, created a page turn feature
PDF- Single File shown in vertical format

Manipulative

Create custom page size
Create New Swatch
Set up Text Frame and text thread with in two columns
Use Specific Fonts, install them if ness
Clean up Project and make print ready
Package File
Place folder upon server

GRA-101 Survey of Graphic Design, Text Notes: “A Guide to Graphic Print Production” Chapter 6 -Layout

Chapter 6 GRA-101 Jody Pudsey
Layout Guide to Graphic Print Production

Documents must be:
easy to output
easy to create plates from
suitable for printing

6.1 Layout Work

layout producer has broad task
recv original text
original imgs
illustrations
checking materials

mounts into doc
corrections
printouts
make original print

6.1.1 Choosing Layout Software

Adobe Indesign
QuarkXpress
PageMaker
FrameMaker
Illustrator

manage design, typography, images, color editing, page description language

PostScript – page description language used in graphic print production, supports four-color and spot color.
WP, Word, PP, Exc, do not support four color and spot color. Poor typographical proofing, no warnings for missing fonts
(replaces font), file formats and images unpredictable layouts – Therefore they are not suitable for print production.

6.1.2 Planning the Layout

1st Step: page format(size) must be chosen
2nd Step: number of pages and type of paper must be chosen

Binding affects layout – how images can be placed across 2 page spread

Page Plan – Tool- Sketches to plan page layout

3rd Step: Which and how many print colors to be used – single, four, spot colors??
4rd Step: by production house – imposition to know how pages need to be placed on sheet

Imposition – shows where center and dbl-pg spreads occur.

6.1.3 Making Template & Setting the Basic Structure

Templates create a good way to create structure in layout

6.1.4 Document and Master Pages

Default settings as a Template

6.1.5 Library and Pull-outs

Library – images and text frames with or w/o content stored and reused by dragging onto pages.

6.1.6 Typographical Templates, Objects Templates, and Color Schemes

settings for Paragraphs, separate characters can be saved as styles

color swatches – color combinations saved

AI has object templates – settings for frame stored and reused
6.1.7 Default Settings

AI default settings are created as Work Spaces

6.2 Text Manuscript

text needs most editing and proofing – before mounting in layout doc
produce in word processing software, then typography and placement in layout program

6.2.1 Appropriate Software for Word Processing

MSWord – most common

6.2.2 Appropriate File Formats for Text

Save in Doc format and open file format (RTF or ASCII) – independent of platforms

6.2.3 Program-Specific Text files

MS Word – contain all the unctions and refinements of original program
con- some not transferrable

6.2.4 ASCII format

American Standard Code for Information and Interchange(ASCII)
standard digital info, esp. text
saves ea. text character w/7 bits, can handle 128 different characters in one text
may not be big enough
today- need 8 bits for 256 different characters

often called “Plain Text”

6.2.5 RTF Format

Rich Text Format(RTF) – common open format, contains codes for typefaces and simpler typography
Facilitate moving text files between programs while retaining typographical info., can store names of paragraphs and character format

6.3 Mounting Text

Text Manuscripts – normally imported into layout programs, placed into typeface, edited to fit in existing space.

Both Images and Text that are imported are linked and if original docs are changed, you need to update links in Layout Program.

6.3.1 Using Structured Manuscript

be consistent in use of paragraph and character formatting
to set text in type – give structure for different elements, requires that paragraph formats contain settings

6.3.2 Using Tagged Manuscript Text

support handling marked text – called tagged text
based on ea part of text beige provided with code, tags formats to be utilized
saved in ASCII
similar to html

6.3.3 Using Manuscripts in XML format

eXtensible Markup Language – code for logically tagging a texts different existing parts according to content – headings, intro, image captions, body
doesn not contain info about typographical design
can be imported to and from AI
good for catalogs and various media used text

6.3.4 Linking te Layout to Text Database

large amounts of text in a DB – directly linked
suitable for catalogs

6.3.5 Working with Text Editing Parallel with Layout

traditional layout workflow – text produced – text mounted – given typeface – produced as pdf or printout for review
Now text editing and layout – done simultaneously
AI can have editorial system to track multiple manuscripts

6.4 Typefaces, Font, and Typography

Most important component of GD and layout
typeface that creates typography is stored in FONTS
FONTS- digital typeface files
fonts are embedded in Postscript and ODF file
6.4.1 Typeface and Font

Typeface – term for design of a set of characters: number of type styles- bold, narrow, light
Font – name for set of lead type with typeface shapes; name for digital fonts files that have replaced lead type: refers to character set in one or several styles stored in the digital form.

Font files – OpenType, TrueType, PostScript Type 1
Open = contains 65,000 characters

6.4.2 Choosing a Typeface

look at samples
MAC OS – use Font Book to install fonts

6.4.3 Working with Typography Templates

save you time
increase quality by guaranteeing various parts of the document will be set exactly the same way.
allows rapids changes
can be imported from one doc to another
can sync font

quark – uses term typography template
InDesign – uses terms paragraph styles and character styles

6.4.4 How to Install Fonts

Mac – if font installed in general library can be used by all users
if font installed in users library can only be used by user
if installed in program can only be used in that program

6.4.5 Activating Fonts without Installing them

Font Book – create groups, temporary use of font

6.4.6 Finding the Right Characters in the Font

to reach hidden characters use must use character combinations
to help find hidden characters – use adobe indesign “Glyphs”

GLYPHS- give good overview of all the characters that make up a font

Type–> Insert Special Characters
or
Edit–> Special Character

6.4.7 Keeping Fonts Organized

Place in Font Book custom folders to categorize

License for use?
6.4.8 Creating, Modifying, and Converting Fonts

modify and create new fonts – FontLab Studio and Fontographer or Illustrator
add tracking, kerning info, then save in free-choice format

6.5 Font File Formats and Functions

3 regular font file formats:
TrueType
PostScript Type 1
OpenType

6.5.1 OpenType

developed jointly by adobe and microsoft

pros: same font file used for both operating systems
use standard unicode
made of one file
can contain several versions of the same font
can have several diff ligatures

6.5.2 PostScript Type 1

basis for three current versions of Postscript
launched in mid 80′s
made up of two files
screen font (info of wit and kerning, low versions of pixel based version – screen display and outline font when the font is going to be printed, both mac os and windows(file is PFB – Printer Font Binary=outline)
contains character setup saved as a string,
String – small pixel-based img b/w, number of sizes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 points
Printer font (outline font) depicts characters shape(bezier curves), PFM – Printer Font Metrics

each character represented 8 bits
font can contain max 256 different characters

6.5.3 TrueType

developed by Apple – 1991
supported by mac and window
different file formats
Completely based on curves and B-spline curves
has outline font & separate pixel-based screen font

causes problems when ripping

6.5.4 Kerning Tablets

space between two character sets AV can be adjusted
InDesign – metric kerning – change values or optic kerning(- diminishes need for manual adjustments
6.5.5 Hinting for Better Printouts

when print characters in small sizes on printer in low res, think line in character may be 1.5 dpi
hint = suggestion to RIP to make good choice
all fonts are hinted

6.6 Pitfalls with Fonts

6.6.1 Missing Fonts

layout programs contain links used in the doc
save doc as PDF
have license

6.6.2 Different Typefaces with the Same Name
if you replace a missing font with a same named font, may get discrepancies if not exact font

6.6.3 Font Identification Numbers
unique font number id
numbers may overlap
=typeface collision/number id conflicts

6.6.4 Mac / Windows Fonts
truetype and postscript type 1 are for both
can cause problems when crossing platforms
to avoid conflicts of fonts use= OpenType fonts

6.6.5. TrueType Fonts
older RIPs based on postscript type 2 have problems with printing
avoid using them in graphic production
modern TrueTypes pose no problem
6.6.6 Bold or Italic in the Layout Program
6.7 Images in Layout

Two main kinds of file:
Object graphics- diagrams, news graphics, logos, saved as EPS or PDF
Pixel based images – photographic images, hand-drawn images, camera images, edited in PS, saved as TIFF, EPS, or PDF

6.7.1 Images in CMYK or RGB?

scanned img, camera img,- RGB
Print – CMYK
Print adjustment stage- images converted to be optimized for halftone dots and for paper and printing process.
can mount RGB or CMYK into Layout
Mounting RGB – images aren’t adjusted to particular printing process, can be adjusted with out affecting layout.
- can use same layout for several diff types of printing
can have both RGB and CMYK images mounted in same layout
Check to see image info – COLOR IMAGE in INFORMATION window
or
File- PreFLIGHT
6.7.2 Optimal Image Size

resolution is changed depending upon size in which you choose to have img mounted in
use image manuscript to plan
make image resolution DOUBLE that of the screen frequency in print
300dpi – enough for all type of printing and screen frequencies

6.8. Mounting Images

when mounted a low res copy is created in doc.
has direct link to high res img
when printing, program replaces low res with high res
MUST keep images name and location the same after mounting

Layout programs do not edit images

6.8.1 Embedding Images in the Layout Document

InDesign and Pagemaker – embeds mounted images directly in layout file
embedding can simplify handling
Can not edit images once mounted directly

6.8.2 Reducing and Enlarging the Image in the Layout

use optimal resolution, then decrease size = res will be higher then ness.
does not affect quality

enlarge img = res reduced, risk suffering quality
can enlarge an optimally sized img 115-120 %% before seeing quality reduction

6.8.3 Viewing the Images in Low or High Resolution

when trying to place or crop img mounted, change from low res view to high res view
hig res view = true high resolution or object based resolution

6.8.4 Print outs in High or Low Resolution

you can choose
low res- faster printout
can print with no images – grey boxes

6.9 Color in Layout

spot colors or four color or both

SPOT color =special ready made blend of printing ink in a certain color that is printed with its own printing plate
=exist in large number of different colors
=most common system – PANTONE (PANTONE Matching System)

FOUR-COLOR = cyan, magenta, yellow, black inks- combining four inks in diff proportions, can create thousands of diff colors,
= printed beside each other and on top

SPOT COLOR or FOUR COLOR

When do you use spot colors?

-When you only want to use one or two colors in your printed product
-When you want to use colored test without risk of misregistration.
-When it is important for a certain color to be exactly right, for example, in logotypes or tinted areas.
-When you want to use colors such as gold or silver fluorescent colors or colors that area more saturated that four color combinations can manage.
-When you want to have a certain color printed without rasters.
-When the total color coverage is limited in print.

When do you use four colors?

-When you are going to print four color images.
-When you are going to use more than two colors.

6.9.1 Choosing Colors from Printed Color Guides

choose color from color guides
Color Guides show how colors look when printed
must look at them in correct light and with correct paper

Four color guides made in 10% increments for each printed color
Spot color guides made in increments of respective spot colors and four color combination that most resembles it.

6.9.2 Four Color together with Spot Colors

must ask printing press how many inks they can print with
increases price if need to be run twice, if only provide four color and you want to add a spot to it.

6.9.3 Converting Spot Colors to Four Color Values

programs do it automatically but you can choose them correctly by matching the spot color to the exact four color % on color guides, not screen

Converting a SPOT color to FOUR color

-Use a color guide that shows the Pantone color against the SMYK combination that is closest to it.
-Use a Pantone color guide and compare the actual color against the color squares in a four color
guide. Find the CMYK combination that is most like the spot color.
-Check off SEPERATION in the color definition for spot color in QuarkXpress or choose CMYK as COLOR TYPE
for SPOT COLOR in InDesign.

6.9.4 Converting Four Color Values to Pantone Colors

take printed pantone guide, compare it with a printed sample of four color with correct lighting.
6.9.5 Saving the Color Combination as a Color Swatch

6.9.6 Varnish is Defined as an Ink in the Layout

varnish – special effect
partial varnish – special effect of part of object

defines special color, will be printed over objects and colors, placed in its own layer

6.9.7 Handling colors Using ICC in the Layout

3 things needed to have screen match colors you want printed
1-screen display must be correct
2-have info from print house of ability to reproduce those colors
3-layout program must be told to simulate printing
monitor calibrated
printer ICC profile
only effects whats viewed on screen not the content

6.10 Pitfalls in Managing Colors

6.10.1 Removing Unused Spot Colors
Printed colors each have a printing plate in the press.
some colors can be left over from sketches
unused colors must be removed pro to sending to printer

6.10.2 Spot Colors that are not Color-Separated
Typical to sketch layout with spot color
make sure spot colors set for separation to four color

6.10.3 Naming Spot Colors Alike
Illustrations- spot colors must have same name in illustrations as in layout.

6.10.4 Being Careful with Ink Amounts

making 4 color combos, not to make colors using too much ink
max ink coverage is 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 = 400 percent color.
cannot print more than 220 – 340 percent ink – depending upon paper and print process
fine sheet fed print – 340 percent ink coverage
newspaper print – 240 percent coverage

6.11 Pitfalls in the Layout Work

6.11.1 Bleeds

- Images or Tints that reach all the way to the paper edges
have objects stretch slightly outside the page format
use safety margin of at least 1/8 inch recommended.

Covers- single large Doc, front and back
In binder cover – 3/8 inch bleed

6.11.2 Crossover

- two page spread of image or object, on different sheets of different parts of the same sheet, not printed directly next to each other.
= Double Page Spreads

avoid delicate objects(small text, thin rules) on two page spreads
variations in colors happen between printed sheets
Avoid – placing objects diagonally across two page spreads
avoid – thin lines that bleed across two pages apreads

6.11.3 Color Variations

ink variations

6.11.4 Rich Black and OverPrints

place tint area containing only 100 percent black, beside dark area of photograph, tint will look pale.

Process colors are always translucent = more inks you print on top of each other the darker the result.

6.11.5 Text and Tint Areas

printing colors on top of each other, misrepresentation occurs!
small objects more noticeable
adding line patterns, text – should have special spot color instead of four color combo
avoid white text over background image, if you must use sans serif

6.11.6 Transparency and Drop Shadow

see through shadows behind those objects
problems with ripping
create a PDF/X file- replaced with high res, pixel based images

6.11.7 Moving Documents between Mac OS and Windows

okay to move – Indesign, Illustrator, Phototshop, Acrobat, word, excel

relatively problem free- Quark, PP, as long as same version

no problems with image files

Negatives- fonts that do not match per platforms, unwanted line and page breaks

6.11.8 Moving Documents Between Different Programs

Open older file in newer version program
InDesign only can convert QuarkXpress docs from version 4 and earlier
Plug-ins needed
better to build document from ground up in new program

6.12 Proofing

Proofing- reviewing Text, typography, layout
use PDFs for proofs

6.12.1 Proofreading on Paper

proof reading symbols(IOS 5776)
helpful to use colroed pencil

What should be Checked in the Text?

-Language/tone/style
-Factual
-Spelling
-Syllabification
-Hyphens and spaces between letters
-Page and image references
-Pagination
-Consistency of typography and symbols

6.12.2 Proofreading with PDF and Acrobat

Tools
indication and handling of correction of text and layout:
notation tools
Drawing tools,
crossing-out pens
stamps
comments

No tools on Adobe Reader

PDF can be placed on server and emailed – all comments are sent, then corrections are sent back

6.13 Proofs

Technical Proof
check fonts, links, overprints, knockouts, colors, correct resolutions, color modes, bleeds

6.13.1 Printouts for Proofing

make prints on laser printer
color prints allow color correctness
Laser printer poor judgement of typography, then on a black and white print.
Print on larger to check bleed

6.13.2 Checking Printing Colors

printing colors–>

InDesign – function –> File –> PreFlight

and –>View –>OverPrint

Acrobat Pro – –>Advanced –> OutPut Preview –> Separation

6.13.3. PreFlight of the Layout Document

refers to check pilot performs before plane takeoff

to review digital documents before production

-images being correctly linked
-sufficient resolution
-fonts being set
-colors being correct
-check knockouts and overprinting occurs where you want by viewing separations

6.14 Sending Documents to Print
send high res PDF that has layout, images, fonts embedded
more secure
more efective
control
less risk of error

send in Open Document = layout doc with images and fonts
printer opens layout in same layout program it was created in
allows for last minutes changes
risks!
MOST COMMON COURCE of ERROR in PRINTED MATERIALS!!!!===Making a final print from an uncorrected document.*********

6.14.1 Include a Dummy
if sending Open Doc, send a pdf file or printout of layout
can check to see if its the correct doc that was sent

6.14.2 Collecting Document, Images and Fonts
if sending Open Doc
place all related documents/objects in one folder and use
InDesign FILE–>PACKAGE
does a preflight and reports in on document
6.14.3 Delivering Files
sending over the Internet
Zip it
compress
sending it DVD/CD
mark clearly
label files and structure
6.15 Structuring and Archiving

6.15.1 Working in Conjunction with a Server
foundation for common structured way – save it in server
6.15.2 Storing File in a Structured Way
structure is built is determined by how you work

Vocabulary:

Registration – images or text lining up across a two page spread

Unicode- a modern standard for storing and providing characters and is used in different file formats. handles 1.1 mill characters, unto 17 layers with 65536 characters, able to handle all written languages of the world
known 100000 characters from alphabets
supported by all modern operating systems
base for OpenType fonts
uses 16 bits to save each character, can enable 65,000 characters per font file

XML- eXtensible Markup Language – is a code language for logically tagging a text’s different existing parts according to the content.

Typeface – Appearance of the characters. A set of typefaces is characterized by the design given by the original.

Typestyle – Variation of the typeface (bold, italic) -The weight or posture of a font, distinguished from a fonts typeface design and type size.

Font File – A data file containing a typestyle (helvetica bold)

Font – Collection of type in a particular typeface stored in a file
- that contains the same typeface( normal, bold, italic of the typeface helvetica)

Serif – Structural details on the ends of letter found in Roman fonts such as Janson and Times.
Typeface that includes hard strokes- fine lines, that risk disappearing if misregistration occurs

Sans Serif – Typeface family without Serifs, eg Helvetica

Ligatures -Specially created character composed of two separate characters that are made into one. eg. ae and fi

Bleed-Images or objects that are supposed to run all the way to the edge of the paper are printed with bleeds – so they run over the edge of the page
format by 5mm.
-images of objects placed across a two page spread are called crossover bleeds.

Slug area-

Tracking – Adjustment of character spacing, expanding, and condensing in a text piece or line.

Stem –

Hairline – The thinnest strokes in Roman Letters.

Anti-Aliasing -Technique used to create soft edges on a pixel-based screen using grey levels.
- allows fonts to be better reproduced on the screen. Contours lines, slower view on screen.

Clear Type – windows, to even out text on the screen, expanded anti-aliasing, uses colored pixels to light individually for smoother character form.

CoolType – Adobe programs, font manager, to use fonts in windows format.

x-Height – Typographic measurement of the height of the lowercase letters with no ascenders or descenders

H-height –

Kerning – Narrowing or widening the space between two letters.
-Distance between each combination os two characters in a text = kerning values

Optical Kerning – based on the shape of the letters rather then a predefined table

Over Print – text is printed on a tint areas and the colors of the two objects mix. The opposite of knockout, where the colors of the objects are not missed.
- black text tends to overprint.

Descender –

Em Space –

Leading -

Baseline – the Imaginary line on which all capital letters in a row rest.

Knockout – when a graphic is placed over another the colors of the text and the background are in t intended to mix, space is knocked out for the text.
A hole the same shape as the text is knocked out in the tint area and the text is printed on a unpainted surface.
- to make a hole in an object based images so that objects behind it are visible.

Laser printer – uses laser and xerographic methods, uses toner ink powder, which is bonded to the paper using heat.

Registration – situation where all printing inks are correctly aligned with each other.
-when sheets in the sheet transport of a printing press are adjusted in order to endure that they run throughout the press in a synced manner

RIP – raster image processor. calculates and rasterizes pages before they are output
- rip time = time it takes to RIP to interpret the PostScript code for a page and create the bitmap with exposure points.